Germany is on par with the US and closing in on France and the UK when it comes to stock options rules, according to new data from Index Ventures released as part of its Not Optional campaign to improve options schemes across Europe. In 2023, Germany had the worst setup for stock options in the region, according to Index.
What’s changed?
The big difference from the last time the data was pulled is the country’s Future Financing Act, which became law in early 2024. It defers taxation on stock options until they’re sold for employees at companies with fewer than 1,000 staff and an annual turnover of less than €86m. Prior to that, options were taxed when they were exercised — the process of turning them into actual shares in the company before they can be sold.
Some other notable points from the data:
- Six European countries (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, the UK, Portugal and France) rank higher than the US.
- The three worst-performing countries are Switzerland, Norway and Finland. The Netherlands and Belgium haven’t performed much better.
Why do stock options matter?
All tech hubs benefit from money being recycled back into the ecosystem — and employees being able to cash in their options after an IPO, acquisition or via a secondaries transaction often leads to that; many use their new capital to launch their own companies, others become angel investors.
But European startups haven’t always been great at offering employees ownership. As I wrote earlier this year, plenty of staff don’t really understand what their options mean, or what they’re worth.
Things do seem to be changing though. Five years ago, European employee ownership at late-stage startups averaged 12%, compared to 20% in the US. Today it stands at 16% and is rising, according to Index. A number of the countries on its ranking are also trying to improve things domestically.
“Every improvement makes it easier for startups to attract and retain talent, and more likely that they’ll be able to create the next tech giant in Europe,” says Index partner Martin Mignot.
There’s also been a policy push on a Europe-wide level. Leading scaleups and VC firms in the region recently called on European policymakers to create a new single, pan-European legal entity (‘EU Inc’) which would allow startups to follow one set of business rules that would apply across the bloc. That would include creating a unified employee stock options framework across the EU.
— Tom Nugent, newsletter editor